Taekwondo
Poomsae (Patterns)
Poomsae, also called Patterns, are choreographed routines.
In which blocks, kicks, punches, stances & strikes are combined together to
simulate defense and attack, against an imaginary opponent.
These are the following sections. Please click to go to the
corresponding section
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1 il Jang
Taegeuk 1 Jang represents the symbol of "Keon", one of the 8 Kwaes
(divination signs), which means the "heaven and yang". As the "Keon" symbolizes the beginning of the creation of all thing in the universe, do does the Taegeuk
1 Jang in the training of Taekwondo. This poomsae is characterized by its easiness in practicing,
largely consisting of walking and basic actions, such as arae-makki,
momtong-makki, momtong-jireugi,
and ap-chagi. The 8th Kup-grade
trainees practice this poomsae.
2 ee Jang
Taegeuk 2 Jang symbolizes the "Tae", one
of the 8 divination signs, which signifies the inner firmness and the outer
softness. An introduction of the olgul-makki is a new
development of Taegeuk poomsae.
The ap-chagi actions appear more frequently than in Taegeuk 1 Jang. The 7th Kup-grade
trainees practice this poomsae.
3 sahm Jang
Taegeuk 3 Jang symbolizes the "Ra", one
of the 8 divination signs, which represent "hot and bright". This is
to encourage the trainees to harbor a sense of justice and ardor for training.
A successful accomplishment of this poomsae will give
the trainees a promotion to a blue belt. New actions are sonnal-mok-chigi
and sonnal -makki and dwit-kubi stance. This poomsae is
characterized by successive makki and chigi, and continued jireugis.
Emphasis is laid on the counterattacks against the opponent's chigi. The 6th Kup-grade trainees
practice this poomsae.
4 sah Jang
Taegeuk 4 Jang symbolizes the "Jin",
one of the 8 divination signs, which represent the thunder meaning great power
and dignity. New techniques are sonnal-momtong-makki,
pyon-son-kkeut-jireugi, jebipoom-mok-chigi,
yop-chagi, momtong- bakkat-makki, deung-jumeok-olgul-apchigi
and mikkeurombal [slipping foot] techniques. Various
movements in preparation for the kyorugi and lot of dwit-kubi cases characterize it. The 5th Kup-grade trainees practice this poomsae.
5 oh Jang
Taegeuk 5 Jang symbolizes the "Son",
one of the 8 divination signs, which represent the wind, meaning both mighty
force and calmness according to its strength and weakness. New movements are
me-jumeok-maeryo-chigi, palkup-dollyo-chigi,
yop-chagi & yop-jireugi,
palkup-pyo-jeok-chigi and such stances as kkoa-seogi, wen-seogi and oreun-seogi. This is characterized by the successive makkis such as area-makki and momtong-makki and also the chigi
by thumbling after running. The 4th Kup-grade trainees practice this poomsae.
6 yook Jang
Taegeuk 6 Jang symbolizes the "Kam", one of the 8 divination signs, which represents
water, meaning incessant flow and softness. New movements are han-sonnal-olgul-bakkat-makki, dollyo-chagi,
olgul-bakkat-makki and batang-son-
momtong-makki in addition to pyonhi-seogi
[at-ease stance]. One should be careful to make the kicking foot land on the
ground correctly after dyollyo-chagi and to lower the
hand by a palm's length at the time of delivering a batang-son
momtong-makki lower than in the palmok-makki.
This is practiced by the 3rd Kup-graders.
7 Chil Jang
Taegeuk 7 Jang symbolizes the "
8 pal Jang
Taegeuk 8 Jang symbolizes the "Kon", one of the 8 divination signs, which represents
"Yin" and earth, meaning the root and settlement and also the
beginning and the end. This is the last of the 8 Taegeuk
poomsaes, which may enable the trainees to undergo
the Dan [black belt] promotion test. New movements are dubal-dangsong-bakkat-palmok-momtong-kodureo-bakkat-makki,
twio-chagi, and palkup-dollyo-chigi.
Emphasis must be laid on the accuracy of stepping and the difference between
jumping-over kick and dubal-dangsong [alternate
jumping kick in the air]. The 1st Kup-graders
practice this poomsae.
Koryo poomsae
Koryo poomsae
symbolizes "seonbae" which means a learned
man, who is characterized by a strong martial sprit as well as a righteous
learned man's sprit. The sprit had been inherited through the ages of Koryo, Palhae and down to Koryo, which is the background of organizing the Koryo poomsae. The new techniques
appearing in this poomsae are kodeum-chagi,
opeun-sonnal-bakkat-chigi, sonnal-
arae-makki, khaljaebi-mureup-nullo-kkokki,
momtong-hecho-makki, jumeok-
pyojeok-jireugi, pyonson-kkeut-jecho-jireugi,
batang-son-nullo-makki, palkup-yop-chagi,
me-jumeok-arae-pyojeok-chigi, etc, which only black-belters can practice. The jumbi-seogi
is the tong-milgi that requires mental concentration
by positioning the hand in between the upper abdomen and the lower abdomen
where "sin"[divine] and "jeong"[spirit]
converge. The line of poomsae represents the Chinese
letter, which means "seonbae" or "seonbi", a learned man or a man virtue in the Korean
language.
Keumgang poomsae
Keumgang [meaning diamond] has the significance of
"hardness" and "ponder", The Keumgang
Mountain on the Korean peninsula, which is regarded as the center of national
spirit, and the "Keumgang Yeoksa"[Keumgang warrior] as named by Buddha, who represents the
mightiest warrior, are the background of denominating this poomsae.
New techniques introduced in this poomsae are batangson-teok-chigi, han-son-nal-momtong-an-makki,
Keumgang-makki, santeoul-makki,
kheun dol-tzogi [large
hinge], and the hak-dari-seogi. The poomsae line is symbolic of the Chinese letter. The
movement should be powerful and well balanced so as to befit the black belt's
dignity.
Taebaek Poomsae
Taebaek is the name of a mountain with the
meaning of "bright mountain", where Tangun,
the founder of the nation of Korean people, reigned the country, and the bright
mountain symbolizes sacredness of soul and Tangun's
thought of "hongik ingan"[humanitarian
ideal]. There are numerous sites known as Taebaek,
but
Pyongwon Poomsae
Pyongwon means a plain that is a vast
stretched-out land. It is the source of life for all the creatures and the
field where human beings live their life. The poomsae
Pyongwon was based on the idea of peace and struggle
resulting from the principles of origin and use. The new techniques introduced
in this poomsae are palkup-ollyo-chigi,
kodureo- olgul-yop-makki, dangkyo-teok-jireugi, meongye-chigi,
hecho-santeul-makki, etc. The jumbi-seogi
is the moa-seogi-wen-kyop-son [left overlapping
hands], which requires concentration of force in the beginning and source of
human life. The line of poomsae means the origin and
transformation of the plain.
Sipjin Poomsae
The word "Sipjin" derived from the thought of 10 longevity,
which advocates there are ten creatures of long life, namely, sun, moon,
mountain, water, stone, pine-tree, herb of eternal
youth, tortoise, deer, and crane. They are 2 heavenly bodies, 3 natural
resources, 2 plants and 3 animals, all giving human beings faith, hope and
love. The poomsae Sipjin
symbolizes those things. The new techniques introduced in this poomsae are hwangso-makki [bull makki], son-badak[palm]-kodureo-makki, opeun-son-nal-jireugi,
son-nal-arae-makki, bawi-milgi
[rock pushing], son-nal-deung-momtong-hecho-makki, kodeo-olligi [lifting up], chettari-jireugi
[fork-shape jireugi], son-nal-otkoreo-arae-makki,
son-nal-deung-momtong-makki, which counts 10. The
Chinese letter meaning ten is the form of the poomsae
line, which signifies an infinite numbering of the decimal system and ceaseless
development.
Jitae Poomsae
The word "Jitae" means a man standing on the ground with two feet,
looking over the sky. A man on the earth represents the way of struggling for
human life, such as kicking, trading and jumping on the ground. Therefore, the poomsae symbolizes various aspects occurring in the course
of human being's struggle for existence. The new techniques introduced in this poomsae are han-son-nal-olgul-makki,
keumkang-momtong-jireugi, and me-jumeok-yop-pyojeok-chigi
only, and the poomsae line signified a man standing
on earth to spring up toward the heaven.
Chonkwon Poomsae
The word "Chonkwon" means the Heaven's Great Mighty, which is
the origin of all the creature and itself the cosmos. Its infinite competence
signifies the creation, change and completion. Human beings have used the name
of Heaven for all principal earthly shapes and meanings because they felt
afraid of the Heaven's mighty. Over 4,000 years ago, the founder of the Korean
people, "Hwanin" meant the heavenly King.
He settled down in the "heavenly" town as the capital near the
heavenly sea and heavenly mountain, where the Han people as the heavenly race
gave birth to the proper through and action from which Taekwondo
was originated. The poomsae Chunkwon
is based on such sublime history and thoughts. The new techniques introduced in
this poomsae are nalgae-pyogi
[wing opening], bam-jumeok-sosum-chigi [knuckle
protruding fist springing chigi], hwidullo-makki
[swinging makki], hwidullo-jabadangkigi
[swinging and drawing], keumgang-yop-jireugi, taesan-milgi, etc., and a crouched walking manner. The
characteristics of movements are large actions and arm sections forming gentle
curves, thus symbolizing the greatness of Chunkwon
thought. The poomsae line "T" symbolizes a
man coming down from the heaven, submitting to the will of Heaven, being endowed
power by the Heaven and worshiping the Heaven, which means the oneness between
the Heaven and a human being.
Hansu Poomsae
The word "Hansu" means water is the source of substance preserving
the life and growing all the creatures. Hansu
symbolizes birth of a life and growth, strength & weakness, magnanimity
& harmony, and adaptability. Especially, "han"
has the various meanings, namely, the name of a country, numerousness,
largeness, evenness, length and even the heaven and the root of evening, among
others. Above all, the above significances, is the background of organizing
this poomsae.
The new
techniques introduced in this poomsae are son-nal-deung-momtong-hecho-makki, me-jumeok-yang-yopkuri[both flanks]-chigi, kodureo-khaljaebi, an-palmok-arae- pyojeok-makki, son-nal-keumgang-makki, etc., and also modum-bal
as a stance. Actions should be practiced softly like water but continuously
like a drop of water gathering to make an ocean. The poomsae
line symbolizes the Chinese letter that means water.
Ilyeo Poomsae
Ilyeo means the thought of a great Buddhist
priest of Silla Dynasty, Saint Wonhyo,
which is characterized by the philosophy of oneness of mind [spirit] and body
[material]. It teaches that a point, a line or a circle ends up all in one.
Therefore, the poomsae Ilyeo
represents the harmonization of spirit and body, which is the essence of
martial art, after a long training of various types of techniques and spiritual
cultivation for completion of Taekwondo practice. The
new techniques introduced in this poomsae are son-nal-olgul-makki, wesanteul-yop-chagi,
du-son-pyo[two
opened hands]-bitureo-jabadangkigi [twisting and
pulling], twio- yop-chagi
and the first stance of ogeum[knee back]-hakdari-seogi. Jumbi-seogi is the
bo-jumeok-moa-seogi [wrapped-up fist moa-seogi], in which, as the last step of poomsae
training, two wrapped-up fists are placed in front of the chin, which has the
significance of unification and moderation, so that the spiritual energy can
flow freely into the body as well as the two hands. The line of poomsae symbolizes the Buddist
mark [swastika], in commemoration of saint Wonhyo,
which means a state of perfect selflessness in Buddhism where origin, substance
and service come into congruity.
Source: World Taekwondo
Federation (WTF)